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Climate Change & Tropospheric Temperature Trends

Part I: What do we know today and where is it taking us?

Pope, V. D., Gallani, M. L., Rowntree, P. R., and Stratton, R. A. (2000. The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre Climate Model - HadAM3. Climate Dynamics, 16, 123-146.

Prabhakara, C., J.R. Iaacovoazzi, J.M. Yoo and G. Dalu. 1998: Global Warming deduced from MSU. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(11), 1927-1930.

Prabhakara, C., J.R. Iaacovoazzi, J.M. Yoo and G. Dalu. 2000: Global Warming: Evidence from satellite observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(21), 3517-3520.

Ramaswamy, V., M.L. Chanin, J. Angell, J. Barnett, D. Gaffen, M. Gelman, P. Keckhut, Y. Koshelkov, K. Labitzke, J.-J. R. Lin, A. O’Neill, J. Nash, W. Randel, R. Rood, K. Shine, M. Shiotani, and R. Swinbank. 2001. Stratospheric temperature trends: observations and model simulations. Rev. Geophys., 39 (1), 71-122.

Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Rowell, E. C. Kent and A. Kaplan. 2003. Global Analyses of SST, Sea Ice and Night Marine Air Temperature Since the Late Nineteenth Century. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (D14), 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.

Reitenbach, R.H., and A.M. Sterin. 1996. An objective analysis scheme for climatological parameters. Thirteenth Conference on Probability and Statistics in Atmospheric Sciences. American Meteorological Society. pp. 334-338.

Reynolds, R.W. 1988. A real-time Global Sea Surface Temperature Analysis. J. Climate, 1, 75-86.

Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith. 1994. Improved global sea surface temperature analyses. J. Climate, 7, 929– 948.

Robinson, A.B., S.L. Baliunas, W. Soon, and Z.W. Robinson. 1998. Environmental Effects of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Unpublished. Available online at http://www.oism.org/pproject/s33p36.htm. Accessed on Nov. 30, 2004.

Russell, G. L., J. R.Miller, and D. Rind. 1995. A coupled atmosphere-ocean model for transient climate change studies. Atmos. Ocean, 33, 683–730.

Spencer, R.W. and J.R. Christy. 1990. Precision monitoring of global temperature trends from satellites. Science, 247, 1558-1562.

Santer, B.D., Mikolajewicz, U., Brüggemann, W., Cubasch, U., Hasselmann, K., Höck, H., Maier-Reimer, E. and Wigley, T.M.L. 1995. Ocean variability and its influence on the detectability of greenhouse warming signals. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 10693-10725.

Santer, B.D., J.J. Hnilo, T.M.L. Wigley, J.S. Boyle, C. Doutriaux, M. Fiorino, D.E. Parker, and K.E. Taylor. 1999. Uncertainties in observationally based estimates of temperature change in the free atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6305-6333.

Santer, B.D., T.M.L. Wigley, D.J. Gaffen, L. Bengtsson, C. Doutriaux, J.S. Boyle, M. Esch, J.J. Hnilo. G.A. Meehl, E. Roeckner, K.E. Taylor, M.F. Wehner. 2000. Interpreting Differential Temperature Trends at the Surface and in the Lower Troposphere. Science, 287, 5456, 1227-1232.

Santer, B. D., T. M. L. Wigley, J. S. Boyle, D. J. Gaffen, J. J. Hnilo, D. Nychka, D. E. Parker, and K. E. Taylor. 2000b. Statistical significance of trends and trend differences in layer-average atmospheric temperature time series. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 7337– 7356.

Santer, B.D., T.M.L. Wigley, C. Doutriaux, J.S. Boyle, J.E. Hansen, P.D. Jones, G.A. Meehl, E. Roeckner, S. Sengupta, and K.E. Taylor. 2001. Accounting for the effects of volcanoes and ENSO in comparisons of modeled and observed temperature trends. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28033-28059.

Santer, B.D., T.M.L. Wigley, G.A. Meehl, M.F. Wehner, C. Mears, M. Schabel, F.J. Wentz, C. Ammann, J. Arblaster, T. Bettge, W.M. Washington, K.E. Taylor, J.S. Boyle, W. Bruggemann, C. Doutriaux. 2003. Influence of Satellite Data Uncertainties on the Detection of Externally Forced Climate Change. Science, 300, 1280-1284.

Santer, B.D., R. Sausen, T. M. L. Wigley, J. S. Boyle, K. AchutaRao, C. Doutriaux, J. E. Hansen, G. A. Meehl, E. Roeckner, R. Ruedy, G. Schmidt, and K. E. Taylor. 2003b. Behavior of tropopause height and atmospheric temperature in models, reanalyses, and observations: Decadal changes. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D1), 4002, doi:10.1029/2002JD002258.

Santer B.D., M.F. Wehner, T.M.L. Wigley, R. Sausen, G.A. Meehl, K.E. Taylor, C. Ammann, J.M. Arblaster, W.M. Washington, J.S. Boyle and W. Bruggemann. 2003c. Contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent to recent tropopause height changes. Science, 301, 479-483.

Schiermeier, Q. 2004. Global warming anomaly may succumb to microwave study. Nature, Nature News, 429, 7, doi:10.1038/429007a. Available online at http://www.nature.com/news/2004/040503/pf/429007a_pf.html. Accessed on Dec. 27, 2004.

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Seidel, D.J. 2004. Personal communication, Sept. 2004.

Seidel, D.J., J. Angell, J. Christy, M. Free, S. Klein, J. Lanzante, C. Mears, D. Parker, M. Schabel, R. Spencer, A. Sterin, P. Thorne, and F. Wentz. 2003. Intercomparison of Global Upper-Air Temperature Datasets from Radiosondes and Satellites. AMS Annual Meeting, 2003.

Seidel, D.J., J.K. Angell, J. Christy, M. Free, S.A. Klein, J.R. Lanzante, C. Mears, D. Parker, M. Schabel, R. Spencer, A. Sterin, P. Thorne, F. Wentz. 2004. Uncertainties in Signals of Large-Scale Climate Variations in Radiosonde and Satellite Upper-Air Temperature Datasets. J. Clim., 17, 2225-2240.

Shen, S.S., M. Thomas, C.F. Ropelewski, and R.E. Livezey. 1998. An optimal regional averaging method with error estimates and a test using tropical Pacific SST data. J. Clim., 11, 2340-2350.




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